Sophisticated double extortion attacks targeting essential industries is causing significant business disruption, a new report has found.
The Ransomware Report from cloud security firm Zscaler features analysis of key ransomware trends and details about the most prolific ransomware actors, their attack tactics and the most vulnerable industries being targeted.
The Zscaler ThreatLabz embedded research team analysed over 150 billion platform transactions and 36.5 billion blocked attacks between November 2019 and January 2021 to identify emerging ransomware variants, their origins, and how to stop them.
The report also outlines a growing risk from double-extortion attacks, which are being increasingly used by cybercriminals to disrupt businesses and hold data hostage for ransom.
Deepen Desai, CISO and VP of Security Research at Zscaler says that over the last few years, the ransomware threat has become increasingly dangerous, with new methods such as double extortion and DDoS attacks making it easy for cybercriminals to sabotage organisations and do long-term damage to their reputation.
"Our team expects ransomware attacks to become increasingly targeted in nature where the cybercriminals hit organisations with a higher likelihood of ransom payout," he says
"We analysed recent ransomware attacks where cybercriminals had the knowledge of things like the victim's cyber insurance coverage as well as critical supply-chain vendors bringing them in the crosshairs of these attacks," Desai says.
"As such, it is critical for businesses to better understand the risk ransomware represents and take proper precautions to avoid an attack.
"Always patch vulnerabilities, educate employees on spotting suspicious emails, back up data regularly, implement data loss prevention strategy, and use zero trust architecture to minimise the attack surface and prevent lateral movement."
According to the World Economic Forum 2020 Global Risk Report, ransomware was the third most common, and second most damaging type of malware attack recorded in 2020.
With payouts averaging US $1.45M per incident, Desai says it's not difficult to see why cybercriminals are increasingly flocking to this new style of high-tech extortion.
"As the rewards that result from this type of crime increase, risks to government entities, company bottom lines, reputation, data integrity, customer confidence, and business continuity also grow."
According to the company, Zscaler's research supports the narrative recently established by the U.S. federal government, which classifies ransomware a national security threat; underscoring the need to prioritise mitigation and contingency measures when protecting against these ongoing threats.
Double-Extortion - the New Preferred Method
In late 2019, ThreatLabz noticed a growing preference for double-extortion attacks in some of the more active and impactful ransomware families. These attacks are defined by a combination of unwanted encryption of sensitive data by malicious actors and exfiltration of the most consequential files to hold for ransom.
Affected organisations, even if they are able to recover the data from backups, are then threatened with public exposure of their stolen data by criminal groups demanding ransom.
In late 2020, the team noticed that this tactic was further augmented with synchronised DDoS attacks, overloading victims websites and putting additional pressure on organisations to cooperate.
According to Zscaler ThreatLabZ, many different industries have been targeted over the past two years by double-extortion ransomware attacks.
The most targeted industries include the following:
- Manufacturing (12.7%)
- Services (8.9%)
- Transportation (8.8%)
- Retail - wholesale (8.3%)
- Technology (8%)
Over the last year, ThreatLabz has identified seven families of ransomware that were encountered more often than others.
The report discusses the origins and tactics of the following top five highly active groups:
Maze/Egregor: Originally encountered in May 2019, Maze was the ransomware most commonly used for double-extortion attacks (accounting for 273 incidents) until it seemingly ceased operations in November 2020. Attackers used spam email campaigns, exploit kits such as Fallout and Spelevo, and hacked RDP services to gain access to systems and successfully collected large ransoms after encrypting and stealing files from IT and technology companies. The top three industries Maze targeted were high-tech (11.9%) manufacturing (10.7%), and services (9.6%). Mase notably pledged to not target healthcare companies during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conti: First spotted in February 2020 and the second most common attack family accounting for 190 attacks, Conti shares code with the Ryuk ransomware and appears to be its successor. Conti uses the Windows restart manager API before encrypting files, allowing it to encrypt more files as part of its double-extortion approach. Victims that wont or are unable to pay the ransom have their data regularly published on the Conti data leak website. The top three industries most impacted are manufacturing (12.4%), services (9.6%), and transportation services (9.0%).
Doppelpaymer: First noticed in July 2019 and 153 documented attacks, Doppelpaymer targets a range of industries and often demands large payouts - in the six and seven figures. Initially infecting machines with a spam email that contains either a malicious link or malicious attachment, Doppelpaymer then downloads Emotet and Dridex malware into infected systems. Doppelpaymers top three most targeted organizations were manufacturing (15.1%), retail - wholesale (9.9%) and government (8.6%).
Sodinokibi: Also known as REvil and Sodin, Sodinokibi was first spotted in April 2019, and has been encountered with increasing frequency with 125 attacks. Similar to Maze, Sodinokibi uses spam emails, exploit kits, and compromised RDP accounts, as well as frequently exploiting vulnerabilities in Oracle WebLogic. Sodinokibi started using double-extortion tactics in January 2020 and had the greatest impact on transportation (11.4%), manufacturing (11.4%), and retail/wholesale (10.6%).
DarkSide: DarkSide was first spotted in August 2020 after putting out a press release advertising its services. Using a Ransomware-as-a-Service model, DarkSide deploys double-extortion methods to steal and encrypt information. The group is public about its targeting manifesto, writing that it does not attack healthcare organisations, funeral services, education facilities, non-profit organisations, or government entities on its website. Instead, the primary targets of choice are services (16.7%), manufacturing (13.9%) and transportation services (13.9%). Similar to Conti, those that cannot pay the ransom have their data published on the DarkSide leak website.
